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Authors acknowledge MINECO/FEDER (RTI2018-098951-B-I00 and RTI2018-101827-B-I00), the Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2017SGR359, 2017SGR373, and 2017SGR128), and B. Braun Surgical, S.A., for financial support. Support for the research of C.A. and J.L. are grateful to ICREA Academia program for excellence in research. J.L. is Serra Hunter Fellow. This work is integrated within a wider research project supported by B. Braun Surgical, S.A., UPC, ICS, and ICFO.

Analysis of institutional authors

Sans, JordiAuthorPuiggali, JordiAuthorAleman, CarlosCorresponding Author
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Article

Electrically Polarized Hydroxyapatite: Influence of the Polarization Process on the Microstructure and Properties

Publicated to:Langmuir. 35 (46): 14782-14790 - 2019-11-19 35(46), DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02522

Authors: Sans, J; Llorca, J; Sanz, V; Puiggalí, J; Turon, P; Alemán, C

Affiliations

B Braun Surg SA, Carretera Terrasa 121, Rubi Barcelona 08191, Spain - Author
Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Bioengn Catalonia IBEC, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain - Author
Innovation in Materials and Molecular Engineering. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - Author
Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - Author
Synthetic Polymers Structure and Properties. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - Author
Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona Res Ctr Multiscale Sci & Engn, C Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Cataluna, EEBE, Dept Engn Quim, C Eduard Maristany 10-14,Ed 12, Barcelona 08019, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Cataluna, EEBE, Inst Tecn Energet, C Eduard Maristany 10-14,Ed C3, Barcelona 08019, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Semipermanently polarized hydroxyapatite, named SP/HAp(w), is obtained by applying a constant dc electric field of 1-10 kV/cm at 300-850 degrees C to the samples previously sintered in water vapor, while permanently polarized hydroxyapatite, PP/HAp(a), is produced by applying a dc electric field of 3 kV/cm at 1000 degrees C to the samples sintered in air. SP/HAp(w) has been used for biomedical applications, while PP/HAp(a) has been proved to be a valuable catalyst for N-2 and CO2 fixation. In this work, structural differences between SP/HAp(w) and PP/HAp(a) have been ascertained using Raman microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Results prove the existence of crystal distortion in the form of amorphous calcium phosphate and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) phases close to the surface because of the atmosphere used in the sintering process. The existence of an amorphous layer in the surface and the phase transition through beta-TCP of SP/HAp(w) are the structural factors responsible for the differences with respect to PP/HAp(a). Moreover, a superstructure has been identified in PP/HAp(a) samples, which could be another structural factor associated with enhanced conductivity, permanent polarization, and catalytic activity of this material.

Keywords
BoneCalcium-phosphateCrystal-structureRaman-spectroscopyYttrium

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Langmuir due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Condensed Matter Physics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 3.25, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-22, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 25
  • Scopus: 25
  • OpenCitations: 22
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-22:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 24 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Sans Milà, Jordi) and Last Author (Alemán Llansó, Carlos).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Alemán Llansó, Carlos.